查看文件或目录属性

ansible.builtin.stat 可以查看文件信息。

- name: Get stats of a file
  ansible.builtin.stat:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
  register: st
- name: Fail if the file does not belong to 'root'
  ansible.builtin.fail:
    msg: "Whoops! file ownership has changed"
  when: st.stat.pw_name != 'root'

- name: Get stats of the FS object
  ansible.builtin.stat:
    path: /path/to/something
  register: sym

- name: Print a debug message
  ansible.builtin.debug:
    msg: "islnk isn't defined (path doesn't exist)"
  when: sym.stat.islnk is not defined

- name: Print a debug message
  ansible.builtin.debug:
    msg: "islnk is defined (path must exist)"
  when: sym.stat.islnk is defined

- name: Print a debug message
  ansible.builtin.debug:
    msg: "Path exists and is a symlink"
  when: sym.stat.islnk is defined and sym.stat.islnk

- name: Print a debug message
  ansible.builtin.debug:
    msg: "Path exists and isn't a symlink"
  when: sym.stat.islnk is defined and sym.stat.islnk == False

- name: Get stats of the FS object
  ansible.builtin.stat:
    path: /path/to/something
  register: p
- name: Print a debug message
  ansible.builtin.debug:
    msg: "Path exists and is a directory"
  when: p.stat.isdir is defined and p.stat.isdir

- name: Do not calculate the checksum
  ansible.builtin.stat:
    path: /path/to/myhugefile
    get_checksum: no

- name: Use sha256 to calculate the checksum
  ansible.builtin.stat:
    path: /path/to/something
    checksum_algorithm: sha256

修改文件或目录属性（或创建文件\软链接）

ansible.builtin.file：设置文件、目录或符号链接及其目标的属性。或者，删除文件、符号链接或目录。

有些功能其他模块也能实现。

针对 state 补充一下：

• 如果设置为 absent，将递归删除目录，或取消链接文件和符号链接。对于目录，若启用了 diff，在结果中会显示被删除的文件和子目录，列于 path_contents 字段中。需要注意的是：如果指定的 path 不存在，此状态不会导致 ansible.builtin.file 任务失败，因为状态本身未发生变化。
• 如果设置为 directory，则会创建指定目录及其所有不存在的中间父目录。从 Ansible 1.7 起，这些目录将使用指定的权限（如 mode）创建。
• 如果设置为 file 且未指定其他参数，则该任务会返回 path 的当前状态而不会进行更改。如果指定了权限等参数（如 mode），且文件存在，则会修改该文件。但如果文件不存在，则不会自动创建文件。若希望在文件不存在时创建，可使用 touch 状态，或改用 ansible.builtin.copy 或 ansible.builtin.template 模块。
• 如果设置为 hard，将创建或更新一个硬链接，指向由 src 指定的路径。
• 如果设置为 link，将创建或更新一个符号链接（软链接），目标路径由 src 指定。
• 如果设置为 touch（Ansible 1.4 引入），将模拟命令行中的 touch 行为：若文件不存在，则创建一个空文件；若文件或目录已存在，则更新其访问时间和修改时间。
• 默认行为：如果文件已存在，默认使用该文件的当前类型。如果设置了 recurse: yes，默认状态为 directory；否则为 file。

- name: Change file ownership, group and permissions
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    owner: foo
    group: foo
    mode: '0644'

- name: Give insecure permissions to an existing file
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /work
    owner: root
    group: root
    mode: '1777'

- name: Create a symbolic link
  ansible.builtin.file:
    src: /file/to/link/to
    dest: /path/to/symlink
    owner: foo
    group: foo
    state: link

- name: Create two hard links
  ansible.builtin.file:
    src: '/tmp/{{ item.src }}'
    dest: '{{ item.dest }}'
    state: hard
  loop:
    - { src: x, dest: y }
    - { src: z, dest: k }

- name: Touch a file, using symbolic modes to set the permissions (equivalent to 0644)
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    state: touch
    mode: u=rw,g=r,o=r

- name: Touch the same file, but add/remove some permissions
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    state: touch
    mode: u+rw,g-wx,o-rwx

- name: Touch again the same file, but do not change times this makes the task idempotent
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    state: touch
    mode: u+rw,g-wx,o-rwx
    modification_time: preserve
    access_time: preserve

- name: Create a directory if it does not exist
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/some_directory
    state: directory
    mode: '0755'

- name: Update modification and access time of given file
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/some_file
    state: file
    modification_time: now
    access_time: now

- name: Set access time based on seconds from epoch value
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/another_file
    state: file
    access_time: '{{ "%Y%m%d%H%M.%S" | strftime(stat_var.stat.atime) }}'

- name: Recursively change ownership of a directory
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo
    state: directory
    recurse: yes
    owner: foo
    group: foo

- name: Remove file (delete file)
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo.txt
    state: absent

- name: Recursively remove directory
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: /etc/foo
    state: absent